![]() New settlers were housed in old homes throughout the country, for quicker assimilation with the local peasantry. He bought many lands and settled on them the veterans of his armies and landless peasants. Caesar also began a broad colonization of Italy. Not afraid of unpopularity, he reduced subsidies to the impoverished population of Rome. The Senate lost all state initiative and only took note of what the omnipotent dictator decided.Ĭaesar tried to change the social structure of Rome. In the Senate, he took the first position and the first word, so he immediately gave a tone to the meetings. The number of members of the Senate increased to 900. Caesar changed the makeup of the Roman government. His orders were considered legal acts, and newly elected officials took an oath to his will. He issued a number of laws on the arrangement of cities in the provinces, on the free distribution of bread, as well as the law against luxury, which prohibited the use of knives, wearing purple clothing and pearls. The main goal of Caesar’s policy was to restore a stable life for the state. The son of Cleopatra and Caesar took the name of Caesarion.Ĭaesar was proclaimed dictator for 10 years. Together with Cleopatra, he traveled to Egypt, and then, in 46 BC, she visited Caesar in Rome. Caesar had already had a close relationship with Cleopatra, and even wanted to take her for a wife. Caesar was on the side of the latter, but the Egyptian people rebelled. The young Ptolemy XIV clashed with his elder sister, Cleopatra. Then the Egyptian royal family began a campaign of power. In Egypt, he stayed for half a year to receive the money that one of the previous kings had pledged to pay to Rome. The young Egyptian king Ptolemy XIV decided not to help Pompeii and killed him.Ĭaesar moved to Asia Minor, and then to Alexandria. Then Pompey went to Egypt, seeking allies against Caesar. In 48 BC, the battle between two prominent Roman generals took place. Being near the border of Italy, he understood that by crossing the river Rubicon, he would begin a civil war. People’s tribunes did not agree with this decision and reported it to Caesar. On January 1, 49 BC, the Senate had adopted the order. In 50 BC, Pompey, frightened by the successes of Caesar in Gaul, began to influence the Senate to withdraw Caesar from the conquered lands. In 52 BC, Pompey was elected as Consul for the first time in Roman history, without a colleague. Pompey thought the Senate was a better ally than Caesar. Political anarchy in Rome suggested to the Senate the need for a strong ruler. The conquered lands became part of the Roman state as the province of Gaul.Īfter the death of Crassus in 53 BC, Pompey actually became the only ruler of the state. Caesar even crossed to the British Isles. In the Gallic War (58-50 BC), a vast territory was annexed to Rome. Julius Caesar organized a military campaign to Gaul (the territory of modern France). Triumvirs shared their leadership and power over the provinces and agreed to support each other. ![]() The three prominent politicians of Rome – Pompey, Crassus, and Julius Caesar, formed the First Triumvirate. He became popular as one of the best speakers in Rome. After the death of Sulla in 78 BC, Caesar returned to Rome and joined the political struggle. Subsequently, Julius Caesar had to leave Rome and go to Asia Minor, where he served in military service. On the road, Caesar was very ill and was on the verge of death, then he decided to return to Rome, where Aurelius Cotta begged pardon for his son. Caesar was required to divorce his wife Cornelia, but Caesar did not comply with Sulla’s order. First, he abolished all the laws adopted by Gaius Marius. In 82 BC, Rome was conquered by the troops of Lucia Cornelia Sulla, who became a dictator. Despite the noble origin, the family of Caesar has traditionally been linked to opponents of the Roman Senate. ![]() ![]() He was descended from the ancient and noble patrician family of Julius. ![]() Guy Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a great statesman who changed history and left a great legacy. ![]()
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